class Solution {

    public int maxDistance(int[][] grid) {
        int[] dx = {0, 0, 1, -1};
        int[] dy = {1, -1, 0, 0};

        Queue<int[]> queue = new ArrayDeque<>();
        int m = grid.length, n = grid[0].length;
        // 先把所有的陆地都入队。
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                if (grid[i][j] == 1) {
                    queue.offer(new int[] {i, j});
                }
            }
        }

        // 从各个陆地开始，一圈一圈的遍历海洋，最后遍历到的海洋就是离陆地最远的海洋。
        boolean hasOcean = false;
        int[] point = null;
        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            point = queue.poll();
            int x = point[0], y = point[1];
            // 取出队列的元素，将其四周的海洋入队。
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                int newX = x + dx[i];
                int newY = y + dy[i];
                if (newX < 0 || newX >= m || newY < 0 || newY >= n || grid[newX][newY] != 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                grid[newX][newY] = grid[x][y] + 1; // 这里我直接修改了原数组，因此就不需要额外的数组来标志是否访问
                hasOcean = true;
                queue.offer(new int[] {newX, newY});
            }
        }

        // 没有陆地或者没有海洋，返回-1。
        if (point == null || !hasOcean) {
            return -1;
        }

        // 返回最后一次遍历到的海洋的距离。
        return grid[point[0]][point[1]] - 1;

    }
}

class Solution {
    public int[] spiralOrder(int[][] matrix) {
        if (matrix == null || matrix.length == 0 || matrix[0].length == 0) {
            return new int[0];
        }
        int rows = matrix.length, columns = matrix[0].length;
        boolean[][] visited = new boolean[rows][columns];
        int total = rows * columns;
        int[] order = new int[total];
        int row = 0, column = 0;
        int[][] directions = {{0, 1}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {-1, 0}};
        int directionIndex = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
            order[i] = matrix[row][column];
            visited[row][column] = true;
            int nextRow = row + directions[directionIndex][0], nextColumn = column + directions[directionIndex][1];
            if (nextRow < 0 || nextRow >= rows || nextColumn < 0 || nextColumn >= columns || visited[nextRow][nextColumn]) {
                directionIndex = (directionIndex + 1) % 4;
            }
            row += directions[directionIndex][0];
            column += directions[directionIndex][1];
        }
        return order;
    }
}

public int binarySearch(int[] array, int des) {
     int low = 0, high = array.length - 1;
     while (low <= high) {
         int mid = low + (high - low) / 2;//int mid = (left + right) >> 1;
         if (des == array[mid]) {
             return mid;
         } else if (des < array[mid]) {
             high = mid - 1;
        } else {
            low = mid + 1;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

public class Solution {

    public int mySqrt(int x) {
        if (x == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        // 注意：针对特殊测试用例，例如 2147395599
        // 要把搜索的范围设置成长整型
        long left = 1;
        long right = x / 2;
        while (left < right) {
            // 注意：这里一定取右中位数，如果取左中位数，代码会进入死循环
            // long mid = left + (right - left + 1) / 2;
            long mid = (left + right + 1) >>> 1;
            long square = mid * mid;
            if (square > x) {
                right = mid - 1;
            } else {
                left = mid;
            }
        }
        // 因为一定存在，因此无需后处理
        return (int) left;
    }

}